高阶单步时滞修正算法主动控制实验研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

王伟  耿淑伟  王焕定  田石柱 《地震工程与工程振动》1999,19(3):106-108

本文将高阶单步时滞修４正算法用于主动控制结构模型的试验,试验分析结果一同阶单步主动控制算法是一种有效实用的主动控制方法。  相似文献   

苍山5.2级地震前的R（t）图异常特征及其时间变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

华爱军  刘西林 《地震研究》1999,22(2):166-170

研究了１９９５年苍山５．２级地震前地震时空分布参数Ｒ（ｔ）图的异常变化,由Ｒ（ｔ）图清楚的反映出苍山５．２级地震前地震活动的三个阶段性发展特征。即早期地震活动增强,形成大的孕震空区;中期在上述背景上震活动再次向外围扩散并收缩,地震活动逐渐减弱,孕震空区缩小;晚期地震活动出现短平静;临震前１８天孕震空区内出现３个特征前震,在孕震空区内形成临震地震线。  相似文献   

Dissolution Kinetics of Calcite in 0.1 M NaCl Solution at Room Temperature: An Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) Study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ryoji Shiraki  Peter A. Rock  William H. Casey 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2000,6(1):87-108

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the rates of migration of the (10¯1 4) plane of a single-crystal of calcite dissolving in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solutions at room temperature. The solution pH and P_{CO 2} controlled in the ranges 4.4 < pH < 12.2 and 0 < P_{CO 2} < 10^-3.5 atm (ambient), respectively. Measured step velocities were compared with the mineral dissolution rates determined from the calcium fluxes. The step velocity is defined as the average of the velocities of the obtuse and acute steps. Rates of step motion increased gradually from 1.4(±0.2) at pH 5.3 to 2.4(±0.3) nm s^-1 at pH 8.2, whereas the rates inverted and decreased to the minimum value of 0.69(±0.18) nm s^-1 at pH 10.8. For pH > 10.8, only the velocity of the obtuse steps increased as pH increased, whereas that of acute steps gradually decreased.The dissolution rate of the mineral can be calculated from the measured step velocities and average slope, which is proportional to the concentration of exposed monomolecular steps on the surface. The average slope of the dissolving mineral, measured at pH 5.6 and 9.7, was 0.026 (±0.015). Using this slope, we calculate bulk dissolution rates for 5.3 < pH < 12.2 of 4.9(±3.0) × 10^-11 to 1.8(±1.0) × 10^-10 mol cm^-2 s^-1. The obtained dissolution rate can be expressed by the following empirical equation:R_dss = 10^{-4.66(±0.13)}[H⁺] + 10^{-3.87(±0.06)}[HCO₃ ^-] + 10^{-7.99(plusmn; 0.08)}[OH^-]We propose that calcite dissolution in these solutions is controlled by elementary reactions that are similar to those that control the dissolution of other amphoteric solids, such as oxides. The mechanisms include the proton-enhanced hydration and detachment of calcium-carbonate ion pairs. The detachments are enhanced by the presence of adsorbed nucleophiles, such as hydroxyl and bicarbonate ions, and by protons adsorbed to key oxygens. A molecular model is proposed that illustrates these processes.  相似文献   

锦州地震台钻孔应变同震变化观测资料分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨成元  李哲 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(3):69-73

体积式应变仪是测量地应力应变变化的一种地震前兆手段。对其大量的观测资料进行同震变化与阶跃的整理与收集,系统地进行研究、分析、总结同震变化;利用TJ-1C型体应变仪记录曲线的同震变化来探讨地震时应力应变运动与构造断层间的微弱错动。将提高我们运用观测资料的能力,有助于地震预报水平的提高。  相似文献   

怀来地震台线应变测项群井抽水干扰分析     

王曰风  张秀萍  张珊珊  郑毅  温佳  张广莉 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(5):136-142

怀来地震台伸缩仪观测曲线年变形态每年出现2次较大幅度的阶跃型上升,且变化幅度大小不同。对该地震台观测山洞周边4 km范围内抽水井的分布、2016-2017年季节性抽水时间、抽水量、群井开抽数量等进行调查,并与伸缩仪观测曲线异常变化进行对比分析,发现在时间及变化幅度上,二者同步性较好,分析认为形变观测的周期性大幅度上升变化应与观测山洞周边群井抽水有关,非地震前兆异常变化;并对抽水引起的形变观测机理进行初步分析,提出干扰消除方法。  相似文献   

In-situ assessment of the spatial arrangement of step–pool units on eroded rills     

Rafael Giménez  Elena Zubieta  Gerard Govers  Miguel A. Campo-Bescos 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(14):2731-2740

Rills are generated on homogeneous hillslopes by the action of different discharges and evolve morphologically over short timescales due to a strong interaction between the flow and bed morphology. Such an interaction generates a reconfiguration of the bed geometry. Previous works suggest that bed geometry is often characterized by alternation between pools and flat reaches (steps). Each step–pool unit may contribute to hydraulic resistance and affects flow behaviour. The objectives of this work are (i) to assess different (innovative) techniques for the in-situ assessment of rill bed geometry, (ii) to use these techniques to assess the geometry of eroded rills in situ in order to determine the spatial arrangement in the bed macro-scale roughness and (iii) finally to analyse the role of slope and discharge as driving factors associated with the development of these macroforms. Roughly rectilinear, long rills were formed in the field as a result of combining different slope and discharges. Photogrammetry provided detailed digital elevation models (DEMs) before and after the experiments. The rills were morphologically characterized from the DEMs. In each rill, the presence of step–pools was identified from long profiles according mainly to morphological criteria published elsewhere, but with ad hoc critical threshold values more appropriate for small eroded channels. The minimum slope required for the development of step–pool units seems to be somewhere between 5 and 15%. Discharge seems to affect pool size or roughness amplitude. There does not seem to be a clear step–pool periodicity. However, external factors could have affected the normal growth and alternation of these structures. Identification of steps and pools from longitudinal elevation profiles can be objectively accomplished using a series of geometric rules originally proposed for rivers and large channels, and adapted to rills. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鹤岗地震台垂直摆倾斜仪记录同震响应   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

胡宝慧  张浩  常金龙  姜博 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(4):137-141

对2011—2015年鹤岗地震台垂直摆倾斜仪记录的同震响应数据进行整理,垂直摆同震响应与震中距成线性关系;近距离地震(约Δ10°)同震响应以阶跃为主,阶跃大小、方向与地震实际倾斜量存在差异;远震同震响应的振幅与震级呈指数函数关系,振幅与震中距成幂函数关系。分析认为,同震响应(阶跃)不仅与震中距、震级因素有关,还与场地效应和传播路径关系密切。  相似文献   

分级加载下岩土流变的神经网络模型   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

宋飞  赵法锁 《岩土力学》2006,27(7):1187-1190

针对分级加载下用线性叠加原理来描述岩土非线性流变存在的问题,采用人工神经网络方法代替传统数学力学方法,建立了分级加载下岩土流变的神经网络模型,并且对具体岩石的蠕变试验曲线进行了模拟。结果表明,该模型能较好地描述岩土的非线性流变,具有较强的泛化能力,为研究岩土的流变特性特别是分级加载下岩土的非线性流变特性提供了一条新途径。  相似文献   

Regional variation of recession flow power‐law exponent          下载免费PDF全文

Swagat Patnaik  Basudev Biswal  Dasika Nagesh Kumar  Bellie Sivakumar 《水文研究》2018,32(7):866-872

Recession flows of a basin provide valuable information about its storage–discharge relationship as during recession periods discharge occurs due to depletion of storage. Storage–discharge analysis is generally performed by plotting ?dQ/dt against Q , where Q is discharge at time t . For most real world catchments, ?dQ/dt versus Q show a power‐law relationship of the type: ?dQ/dt = kQ^α . Because the coefficient k varies across recession events significantly, the exponent α needs to be computed separately for individual recession events. The median α can then be considered as the representative α for the basin. The question that arises here is what are the basin characteristics that influence the value of α ? Studies based on a small number of basins (up to 50 basins) reveal that α has good relationship with several basin characteristics. However, whether such a relationship is universal remains an important question, because a universal relationship would allow prediction of the value of α for any ungauged basin. To test this hypothesis, here, we study data collected from a relatively large number of basins (358 basins) in USA and examine the influence of 35 different physio‐climatic characteristics on α . We divide the basins into 2 groups based on their longitudes and test the relationship between α and basin characteristics separately for the two groups. The results indicate that α is not identically influenced by different basin characteristics for the two datasets. This may suggest that the power‐law exponent α of a region is determined by the way local physio‐climatic forces have shaped the landscape.  相似文献   

快速同伦算法在非线性最小二乘平差中的应用     

欧阳全欢 《测绘信息与工程》2012,37(5):53-55

针对线性化近似法模型误差大,牛顿迭代法和高斯-牛顿法局部收敛等不足,而同伦算法在非线性数据处理方面有独到优势。通过对同伦路径跟踪过程中牛顿迭代终止判据和步长控制策略进行了改进,得到了一种快速、稳定的同伦路径跟踪算法。  相似文献